Poetry in Slovene
language achieved its highest level with the Romantic
poet France Prešeren (1800–1849). In the 20th century,
the Slovene literary fiction went through several periods: the beginning of the
century was marked by the authors of the Slovene Modernism, with the
most influential Slovene writer and playwright, Ivan
Cankar; it was then followed by expressionism
(Srečko Kosovel), avantgardism (Anton Podbevšek, Ferdo
Delak) and social realism (Ciril
Kosmač, Prežihov Voranc) before World War II, the poetry of
resistance and revolution (Karel Destovnik Kajuh, Matej Bor)
during the war, and intimism (Poems of the Four, 1953), post-war modernism
(Edvard
Kocbek), and existentialism (Dane Zajc)
after the war. Short stories became a popular genre after the 1990s.
There are several Slovene literary magazines that publish prose, poetry,
essays, and local literary criticism.
Music
of Slovenia historically includes numerous musicians and composers, such as
the Renaissance
composer Jacobus Gallus (1550–1591), who greatly influenced
Central European classical music and the Baroque composer Janez Krstnik Dolar (ca. 1620–1673).During the medieval era, secular music was as
popular as church music, including wandering minnesingers.
By the time of Protestant Reformation in the 16th century,
music was used to proselytize. The first Slovenian hymnal, Eni Psalmi, was published in
1567. This period saw the rise of musicians like Jacobus
Gallus and Jurij Slatkonja.In 1701, Johann Berthold von Höffer (1667–1718),
a nobleman and amateur composer from Ljubljana, founded the Academia Philharmonicorum Labacensis, as
one of the oldest such institutions in Europe, based on Italian models.
Composers of Slovenian Lieder and art songs
include Emil Adamič (1877–1936), Fran
Gerbič (1840–1917), Alojz Geržinič (1915–2008), Benjamin
Ipavec (1829–1908), Davorin Jenko (1835–1914), Anton
Lajovic (1878–1960), Kamilo
Mašek (1831–1859), Josip
Pavčič (1870–1949), Zorko Prelovec (1887–1939), and Lucijan Marija Škerjanc (1900–1973).
In the early 20th century, impressionism
was spreading across Slovenia, which soon produced composers Marij
Kogoj and Slavko Osterc. Avant-garde classical music arose in Slovenia in the
1960s, largely due to the work of Uroš Krek,
Dane Škerl, Primož
Ramovš and Ivo Petrić, who also conducted the Slavko Osterc Ensemble. Jakob Jež, Darijan Božič, Lojze Lebič and Vinko
Globokar have since composed enduring works, especially Globokar's L'Armonia,
an opera.
Modern composers include Uroš Rojko, Tomaž Svete, Brina Jež-Brezavšček, Božidar Kantušer and Aldo Kumar. Kumar's Sonata z
igro 12 (A sonata with a play 12), a set of variations on a rising chromatic
scale, is particularly notable.
From
1952 on, the Slavko Avsenik's band began to appear in broadcasts,
movies, and concerts all over the West
Germany, inventing the original "Oberkrainer"
country sound that has become the primary vehicle of ethnic musical expression
not only in Slovenia, but also in Germany, Austria, Switzerland,
and in the Benelux,
spawning hundreds of Alpine
orchestras in the process. The band produced nearly 1000 original compositions,
an integral part of the Slovenian-style polka legacy. Avsenik's most
popular instrumental composition is the polka that is titled "Na
Golici" (in Slovene), or "Trompetenecho" (in German), and
"Trumpet Echoes" (in English). Oberkrainer
music, which the Avsenik Ensemble popularized, is always a strong candidate for
country (folk) music awards in Slovenia and Austria.
The most known among Slovene interior
designers is the designer of Scandinavian design-inspired 1952 Rex
chair, Niko Kralj. His design is included
in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art MOMA in New York.
Elan SCX are one of the best industrial
design items that changed the world ski industry. They were designed in the
internationally known Slovenian Elan
company. Elan skis were depicted, even before Elan SCX, in
the 1985 James
Bond film series part A
View to a Kill with Roger Moore. In the romantic comedy film Working
Girl, Katharine Parker (Sigourney
Weaver) was depicted as skiing on the RC ELAN model skis and poles
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